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Bukan is used to negate nouns and adverbs, Tidak is used to negate verbs and adjectives, Jangan is to tell somebody not to do something and Belum means not yet or event may happen in the future. Indonesian has some ways to express “no” ( bukan, tidak, jangan and belum). Even, in written the function of it is just to emphasize the noun, sometimes it is also omitted. In spoken Indonesian, You don’t need to translate “to be” (is, am, are). But, the structure of noun phrase is opposite to English, the main noun position is before the modifier noun. Generally, the sentence structure of Indonesian and English is similar.
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Siapa is used instead of apa for asking a person’s name in Indonesian. Literally meaning "What (your) news" in English, Apa kabar actually means “How are you” or “How do you do”. Here is the table to summarize the rules of pronoun uses: Indonesian does not have non-personal subject pronouns, hence use “itu” (that) or “ini” (this) instead. The first example uses “Kami” which implies exclusivity, whereas the second example uses “Kita” to include C, which implies inclusiveness. This means that A and B ate fish, but C might or did not. For example, if you (A) and your friend (B) are talking to someone (C), and the conversation goes like this: Indonesian has an inclusive and exclusive “we”. The use of “Kamu”/”Anda” signalizes the person to be only one, whereas “Kalian” means there are multiple people. Indonesian differentiates between singular “you” and plural “you”. Use “Anda” (You) and “Saya” (I) only in formal situation. Indonesian has formal and informal pronouns which you should pay attention the most when you are going to talk about “you” and “I” (Aww). There are some highlights that should be put as a reminder: You have learned some personal pronouns in Basics 1 (aku, kamu, dia), and you are going to find the rest of them here.